The Central Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol Are Mediated by Endogenous Opioid Systems: Effects of Mu and Kappa Opioid Antagonists by Nizhnikov, Michael E., Varlinskaya, Elena I., Spear, Norman E.

“…Endogenous opioid systems are implicated in the reinforcing effects of ethanol and may play a substantial role in modulating the central reinforcing effects of ethanol early in ontogeny. …”
Get full text

Alcohol-related problems: neurobiological bases of alcohol consumption and animal models developed to address these problems by March, Samanta M., Miranda Morales, Roberto Sebastián

“…First we introduce a short description of the neurobiological basis of alcohol reinforcement, focused on the opiate system. Then we cover several animal models, from genetic models, and models focused on the study of alcohol related disorders to animal models that emphasize the importance of early experiences with the drug in the development of alcohol use and alcohol related disorders.…”
Get full text

Effect of haloperidol on consummatory successive positive contrast in adult rats with adolescent isolation by Cuenya, Lucas, Serafini, Matías, Mustaca, Alba, Kamenetzky, Giselle

“…Rats exposed to adolescent isolation (AA) show neurological and behavioral disorders into adulthood, many of them related to changes in response to appetitive reinforcers. Previous studies showed an increase of consummatory Successive Positive Contrast(cSPC, i.e., increased consumption of 32% sugar solution, 24 hours after having access to 4% solution) in rats exposed to AA, in comparison to animals without AA. …”
Get full text