Trade Openness and Income Inequality: A Panel Analysis of Latin American Countries (1990-2016) by Gantman, Ernesto R., Dabós, Marcelo P.

“…The effect of trade openness are robust to alternative econometric models, the inclusion of several control variables such as inflation, real GDP per capita, economic growth, the workforce skill level and the real effective exchange rate, as well as two alternative indicators of trade openness, the openness index, whose utilization is widespread in the literature, and the average tariff level. …”
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