Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition
The article proposes a unifying framework for the study of cognitive development that brings together (1) constructivism (which views development as the progressive elaboration of increasingly complex structures), (2) cognitive neuroscience (which aims to understand the neural mechanisms underlying...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | spa |
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Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/6891 |
| _version_ | 1811171513051643904 |
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| author | Sirois, Sylvain Spratling, Michael Thomas, Michael Westermann, Gert Marechal, D. Jhonson, Marc H. |
| author_facet | Sirois, Sylvain Spratling, Michael Thomas, Michael Westermann, Gert Marechal, D. Jhonson, Marc H. |
| author_sort | Sirois, Sylvain |
| collection | Portal de Revistas |
| description | The article proposes a unifying framework for the study of cognitive development that brings together (1) constructivism (which views development as the progressive elaboration of increasingly complex structures), (2) cognitive neuroscience (which aims to understand the neural mechanisms underlying behavior), and (3) computational modeling (which proposes formal and explicit specifications of information processing). The guiding principle of our approach is context dependence, within and (in contrast to Marr [1982]) between levels of organization. We propose that three mechanisms guide the emergence of representations: competition, cooperation, and chronotopy; which themselves allow for two central processes: proactivity and progressive specialization. We suggest that the main outcome of development is partial representations, distributed across distinct functional circuits. This framework is derived by examining development at the level of single neurons, brain systems, and whole organisms. We use the terms encellment, embrainment, and embodiment to describe the higher-level contextual influences that act at each of these levels of organization. To illustrate these mechanisms in operation we provide case studies in early visual perception, infant habituation, phonological development, and object representations in infancy. Three further case studies are concerned with interactions between levels of explanation: social development, atypical development and within that, developmental dyslexia. We conclude that cognitive development arises from a dynamic, contextual change in embodied neural structures leading to partial representations across multiple brain regions and timescales, in response to proactively specified physical and social environment. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:ojs.revistas.unc.edu.ar:article-6891 |
| institution | Universidad Nacional de Cordoba |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:ojs.revistas.unc.edu.ar:article-68912019-05-27T19:17:36Z Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition Compendio de Neuroconstructivismo: cómo el cerebro construye la cognición Sirois, Sylvain Spratling, Michael Thomas, Michael Westermann, Gert Marechal, D. Jhonson, Marc H. neuroconstructivism brain cognition neuroconstructivismo cerebro cognición The article proposes a unifying framework for the study of cognitive development that brings together (1) constructivism (which views development as the progressive elaboration of increasingly complex structures), (2) cognitive neuroscience (which aims to understand the neural mechanisms underlying behavior), and (3) computational modeling (which proposes formal and explicit specifications of information processing). The guiding principle of our approach is context dependence, within and (in contrast to Marr [1982]) between levels of organization. We propose that three mechanisms guide the emergence of representations: competition, cooperation, and chronotopy; which themselves allow for two central processes: proactivity and progressive specialization. We suggest that the main outcome of development is partial representations, distributed across distinct functional circuits. This framework is derived by examining development at the level of single neurons, brain systems, and whole organisms. We use the terms encellment, embrainment, and embodiment to describe the higher-level contextual influences that act at each of these levels of organization. To illustrate these mechanisms in operation we provide case studies in early visual perception, infant habituation, phonological development, and object representations in infancy. Three further case studies are concerned with interactions between levels of explanation: social development, atypical development and within that, developmental dyslexia. We conclude that cognitive development arises from a dynamic, contextual change in embodied neural structures leading to partial representations across multiple brain regions and timescales, in response to proactively specified physical and social environment. El presente artículo presenta un marco conceptual integrador para estudiar el desarrollo cognitivo, que involucra a las siguientes disciplinas: (1) el constructivismo, abordaje conceptual que considera el desarrollo como elaboración progresiva de estructuras crecientemente complejas; (2) la neurociencia cognitiva, que intenta comprender los mecanismos neurales subyacentes a la conducta; y (3) los modelos computacionales, que proponen especificaciones formales explícitas acerca del procesamiento de la información. El principio que guía de nuestro enfoque es el de la dependencia contextual, dentro y entre niveles de organización [en contraposición a Marr (1982)]. Proponemos además que los siguientes tres mecanismos guían la emergencia representacional: competencia, cooperación y cronotopía, los cuales a su vez dan lugar a otros dos procesos centrales denominados proactividad y especialización progresiva. En tal contexto, proponemos que el resultado principal del desarrollo consiste en representaciones parciales, distribuidas a través de diferentes circuitos neurales funcionales. Este marco se deriva del examen del desarrollo a nivel neuronal, de sistemas cerebrales y de organismos complejos. Utilizamos los términos encellment, embrainment y embodiment, para describir las influencias contextuales de nivel superior que actúan en cada uno de estos niveles de organización. Para ilustrar el funcionamiento de estos mecanismos, presentamos estudios de casos sobre percepción visual temprana, habituación infantil, desarrollo fonológico y la representación de objetos durante la infancia. Otros tres estudios de casos se refieren a las interacciones entre niveles de explicación: desarrollo social, desarrollo atípico y, dentro de ellos, la dislexia del desarrollo. Concluimos que el desarrollo cognitivo surge de un cambio contextual y dinámico de estructuras neurales corporizadas (embodied), lo que se asocia a representaciones parciales a través de múltiples regiones cerebrales y escalas temporales, en respuesta a un ambiente físico y social especificado proactivamente. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba 2014-04-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/6891 10.32348/1852.4206.v6.n1.6891 Argentinean Journal of Behavioral Sciences; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2014): Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento; 60-81 Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2014): Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento; 60-81 1852-4206 10.32348/1852.4206.v6.n1 spa https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/6891/Sirois_2014 Derechos de autor 2014 Sylvain Sirois, Michael Spratling, Michael Thomas, Gert Westermann, D. Marechal, Marc H. Jhonson |
| spellingShingle | neuroconstructivism brain cognition neuroconstructivismo cerebro cognición Sirois, Sylvain Spratling, Michael Thomas, Michael Westermann, Gert Marechal, D. Jhonson, Marc H. Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition |
| title | Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition |
| title_alt | Compendio de Neuroconstructivismo: cómo el cerebro construye la cognición |
| title_full | Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition |
| title_fullStr | Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition |
| title_short | Neuroconstructivism: How the brain constructs cognition |
| title_sort | neuroconstructivism how the brain constructs cognition |
| topic | neuroconstructivism brain cognition neuroconstructivismo cerebro cognición |
| topic_facet | neuroconstructivism brain cognition neuroconstructivismo cerebro cognición |
| url | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/6891 |
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