David Hume

''David Hume'' by [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]], 1754 David Hume (; born David Home; – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who was best known for his highly influential system of empiricism, philosophical skepticism and metaphysical naturalism. Beginning with ''A Treatise of Human Nature'' (1739–40), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume followed John Locke in rejecting the existence of innate ideas, concluding that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley as an empiricist.

Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. We never actually perceive that one event causes another but only experience the "constant conjunction" of events. This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience, it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past; this metaphysical presupposition cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.

An opponent of philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passions rather than reason govern human behaviour, famously proclaiming that "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions." Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle. He maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena and is usually accepted by historians of European philosophy to have first clearly expounded the is–ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ''ought'' to be done.

Hume denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of perceptions connected by an association of ideas. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom. His philosophy of religion, including his rejection of miracles, and of the argument from design for God's existence, were especially controversial for their time. Hume left a legacy that affected utilitarianism, logical positivism, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology, and many other fields and thinkers. Immanuel Kant credited Hume as the inspiration that had awakened him from his "dogmatic slumbers." Provided by Wikipedia
Showing 21 - 40 results of 43 for search 'Hume, David, 1711-1776', query time: 0.04s Refine Results
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    Investigación sobre el entendimiento humano / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 1945
    Book
  3. 23

    Ensayos políticos / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2010
    Book
  4. 24

    De los prejuicios morales y otros ensayos / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2009
    Book
  5. 25

    Sobre las falsas creencias : del suicidio, la inmortalidad del alma y las supersticiones / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2009
    Book
  6. 26

    Tratado de la naturaleza humana : autobiografía / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2008
    Book
  7. 27

    Disertación sobre las pasiones y otros ensayos morales / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 1990
    Book
  8. 28

    Tratado de la naturaleza humana : autobiografía / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2008
    Book
  9. 29

    Investigación sobre el entendimiento humano / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2010
    Book
  10. 30

    Investigación sobre el conocimiento humano / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2010
    Book
  11. 31

    Investigación sobre los principios de la moral / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 2015
    Book
  12. 32

    Tratado de la naturaleza humana / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 1984
    Book
  13. 33

    Historia general de Inglaterra desde los tiempos remotos continuada hasta nuestros días / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 1873
    Book
  14. 34

    Ensayos políticos / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 1982
    Book
  15. 35

    Investigación sobre el entendimiento humano / by Hume, David, 1711-1776

    Published 1939
    Book
  16. 36
  17. 37

    La identidad personal en Hume. by García de Oteyza, Mercedes

    Published 1984
    Other Authors: “…Hume, David 1711-1776…”
    Book
  18. 38

    Ensayos políticos de David Hume / by Hendel, Charles W.

    Published 1965
    Other Authors: “…Hume, David, 1711-1776…”
    Book
  19. 39

    Humes verborgener Rationalismus. by Kreimendahl, Lothar

    Published 1982
    Other Authors: “…Hume, David 1711-1776…”
    Book
  20. 40

    A letter concerning toleration ; Concerning civil government, second essay an Essay concerning human understanding / by Locke, John, 1632-1704

    Published 1952
    Other Authors: “…Hume, David, 1711-1776…”
    Book