Lorraine Hansberry
Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 – January 12, 1965) was an American playwright and writer. She was the first
African-American female author to have a play performed on
Broadway. Her best-known work, the play ''
A Raisin in the Sun'', highlights the lives of
black Americans in Chicago living under
racial segregation. The title of the play was taken from the poem "
Harlem" by
Langston Hughes: "What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?" At the age of 29, she won the
New York Drama Critics' Circle Award — making her the first African-American dramatist, the fifth woman, and the youngest playwright to do so. Hansberry's family had struggled against segregation, challenging a
restrictive covenant in the 1940
U.S. Supreme Court case ''
Hansberry v. Lee''.
After she moved to New York City, Hansberry worked at the
Pan-Africanist newspaper
''Freedom'', where she worked with other black intellectuals such as
Paul Robeson and
W. E. B. Du Bois. Much of her work during this time concerned the African struggles for liberation and their impact on the world. Hansberry also wrote about being a
lesbian and the oppression of gay people. She died of
pancreatic cancer at the age of 34 during the Broadway run of her play ''
The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window'' in 1965. Hansberry inspired the
Nina Simone song "
To Be Young, Gifted and Black", whose title-line came from Hansberry's
autobiographical play.
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